The Clash of Civilization (Samuel Huntington Article...

The article titled the Clash of Civilization written by Samuel Huntington tries to analyze the world after the cold war. Huntington in his thesis clearly states that the new era of world politics will not be based on conflicts occurring due to ideological or economic clashes amongst states, but rather the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Huntington proposes that instead of classifying countries into first, second or third worlds, one should classify countries in terms of their civilization. He defines one as the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have. Characterization of civilization can be seen through language and religion, but the issue arises that people ultimately†¦show more content†¦4. Even though the west have never been more powerful in both cultural and economic influence, non-western civilizations have been promoting indigenization. 5. It is easier to change economic and political differences then to change cultural ones, because religion makes a sharp distinction between who you are? 6. regional trade has increased among similar cultures and floundered among dissimilar ones. A classic example of this notion is how Japan has not been able to be very successful in bringing together other east Asian countries due to its different culture, while the common culture between China and other East Asian countries has managed to expand regional trade amongst them. Hence, Huntington proclaims that the clash of civilization will occur at two levels, at the micro level conflicts will occur along civilizational borders, while at the macro level conflicts will happen where power and ideology will be in question. Huntington notes that the dominance of the west through its power and influence will be predominantly to preserve their status and to be able to confront non-western civilizations when their position is threatened. He then predicts that conflicts between the west and the rest is primarily going to be on the cultural or power differences. He believes that non-western civilizations have three choices, either to isolate andShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Was Easy : Capitalism Vs. Communism1402 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal Civilization.† Although he stated that, â€Å"you need to start with a certain kind of sensibility† he admitted, â€Å"I have no unifying theory of things† as well as, â€Å"I am not going to attempt to define this civilization.† Not accepting Naipaul’s theory that, â€Å"in general, the cultural coming together of humanity and the increasing acceptance of common values, beliefs, orientations, practices and institutions by peoples th roughout the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  would create this â€Å"Universal Civilization,† Samuel P. HuntingtonRead More A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay7154 Words   |  29 Pagesthe United States of America as a manifestation of a â€Å"clash of civilizations.† At the center of this way of looking at these unprecedented events has been an article and book both authored by the noted Harvard professor of political science, Samuel P. In the summer 1993 edition of the journal Foreign Affairs, Huntington argued that world politics was entering a new phase after the end of the Cold War, and that tensions between civilizations, as the highest cultural groupings of people, would dominateRead MoreAmerican Imperialism Then and Now: Diffusion of the American Culture1337 Words   |  6 Pagescountries around the world. Americans generally have feelings of exceptionalism from the rest of the world. This was especially prevalent during the late 19th and 20th centuries when the United States had completed its growth from coast to coast, and civilization and industry were booming. Patriotic pride is important to the growth and prosperity of a country because it provides a positive outlook on the future. Senator Albert Beveridge of Ohio declared in a speech to Congress that America was â€Å"[God’s]Read MoreMuslims After 9/112726 Words   |  11 Pagessusceptibility to the imported Islamist ideologies (Silverstein, 367). Huntington introduced a very controversial and debatable theory of clash of civilizations seems to prove itself correct, with the Western Christianity on one hand and the Orthodox Christianity and Islam on the other. He states that clash of civilization is unavoidable and is predicted in the near future. Today, we can already see those tensions and conflicts between civilizations, due to differences in cultures and traditions. While WestRead MoreThe Globalization of Animated Features and the Merging of Cultures1030 Words   |  5 Pagesbad influence, but rather it allows innovation in all nation-states which are involved in the process. As the process of globalization continues its path, the world is becoming both homogenized and heterogenized. In March 1992, Benjamin Barber’s article Jihad vs. McWorld indicated his concerns on the very existence of democracy and the nation-states that are endangered. This is the result from what he describes as the two core forces of the current time: McWorld as globalism and Jihad as retribalizationRead MoreStructural Functionalism Approach to Political Science3672 Words   |  15 PagesPolitical Science. 8th ed. NY: McGraw Hill, 2003. 2. Robert J. Spitzer. The Politics of Gun Control. Second Edition. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1998. 3. Jane Mansbridge. Beyond Adversary Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. RESERVE ARTICLES (Students are encouraged to copy a complete set for their personal use) 1. Lorna Marshall, !Kung Bushman Bands, Africa. 30 (1960), 325-354. 2. Marshall Sahlins, Poor Man, Rich Man, Big-Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polyn esia, ComparativeRead MoreWhat Caused The 1992-1996 Afghan Civil War : Will History Repeat Itself?3614 Words   |  15 Pagesto â€Å"control the minds and actions of other men† (Morgenthau, 2006, pg. 30). The drive to achieve political power is not always based in war. However, it is always rooted in conflict because power is achieved at the expense of another. In the article â€Å"Motivations for Conflict: Groups and Individuals,† Stewart and Brown also agree with Waltz. Their â€Å"private motivation hypothesis† argues leader and fighters seek profit through conflict (Stewart Brown, 2007, pg. 224). Typically, marginalizedRead MoreEssay on PSCI 150 Fall 2014 Syllabus 1 2018 Words   |  9 Pagesrecitation prepared to participate actively in discussion. In addition, each student is required once during the semester to bring to section a newspaper or magazine article that is relevant to the issues covered in that week’s lectures or readings. You should be prepared to discuss briefly the ways in which the event or issue raised in the article relates to the theoretical arguments or other topics for that week. This assignment is required and will be factored into your participation grade. Paper 20%Read MoreReligions and War Essay3499 Words   |  14 Pagescan be defined by ethnicity, language, culture, religions, history etc. Sometimes, religions become so intertwined with ethnic and culture and form a crucial part of identity and nationalism that any clash of such identity and nationalism can easily be misinterpreted (sometimes intentionally) as clash of religions. Wilkinson said â€Å"the propensity of any two groups to fight increases as the differences between them (in language, religion, race, and cultural style) increase†.12 But these differencesRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesidentity. Although there is debate within this literature, these authors typically claim that cultural characteristics have led to the regions internal political unrest, its repressive atmosphere, and its economic malaise. Following this literature review, the second chapter will present an overview of regional development trends and a brief history of Dubais development trajectory. The regional overview will examine the social, political, and economic forces that characterize the regions regimes

Aviation Information Technology Free Essays

Technological progress has been going on in the sector of Aviation from time to time. Since the 1980s, Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been transforming tourism globally. This essay will be looking into the matter how ICT in the aviation industry has changed the way costumers book their flight through internet, by looking at various sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Aviation Information Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The other issue the essay would be focusing at is what customers demand from the websites of the airlines to help make their work easier by helping them to find the right thing for them. The development of the ICT specially the internet has empowered the consumers and is giving them an exceptional value for money and time (Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, 2008). Where internet is helping consumers to save their time on the same time internet is helping the companies to reduce their costs’. Consumers are now able book their paperless tickets online. The fares have been reduced as there are no agents wanting their commission. Sometimes consumers also get financial incentives for self-booking online (eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry,buhalis,2004). No-frills airlines are using their web sites to attract and communicate directly with consumers (E. Jorgensen, Southwest Airlines: Success Story). This enables them to bypass travel agencies and their commissions. In 2003, both Easyjet and Ryanair achieved more than 92% of their bookings through their web sites, whilst Southwest sold 50% of its tickets on its web site (eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry). Researching the information is a very significant part of a decision process which has revolutionized by the internet. The more the consumer researches about trip, the more information he has, which eventually helps him deciding the best for him. ICT does not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness Murray, 1997). A well informed consumer is able to interact much better with local people, resources and cultures, to find the services and products that meet his requirement and to take advantage of the reduced prices and special offers(Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, Dimitrios Buhalis, Rob Law,2008). Global Distribution System (GDS) is a computer reservation system, typically owned jointly by airlines in different countries, that includes reservation databases of suppliers in many countries. Abbreviated GDS. This term has largely replaced â€Å"computerized reservation system (CRS)† as the term of choice within the industry (www. hotel-online. com). Customer’s loyalty towards an airline has become more important and more threatened as a result of heightened competition because of the number of the number of airlines in the industry. Moreover, the increase in competition has increased the cost of loyalty programs that provide a wide variety of benefits to loyal customers or to keep existing customers from moving to other airlines, such as free or discounted tickets, upgrades to premium cabins, separate reservation telephone numbers and check in counters at airports, use of airport lounges, special boarding priority or seating preferences. In order to meet customer expectations, airlines need to track not only the value provided and received from these loyalty benefits but also the costs of providing such benefits. Internet is one of the most influential things that have changed consumers’ behavior. Internet enables the consumers to interact directly with the airline or the suppliers reducing the role of intermediaries. Today consumers want a dynamic package rather than selected few holiday packages, and internet has made this possible by allowing the consumers going directly to the company they want to deal with to customize their products. The internet has been already been influencing the markets of developing countries like China and India by allowing customers to be dynamic. Moving to the choice for the consumers, internet has given consumers a lot of options and choices. Consumers can now look through number of companies who they might want to go with. They can choose from a single journey to a whole customized holiday package. No-Frills airline like ryanair and easyjet focus only on their websites cutting all the unnecessary costs and allowing the customers to book their flights or packages on very low prices. Personal Information is something which a person is very careful about. But, increasingly consumers are willing to provide their personal information in exchange of better services and products that they want. Complain is another very significant issue for a company, in order to provide a way for the customers to provide a feedback and give a complaint, airline companies have a different section on their websites to handle the complains so that there is a proper channel of communication between management and unsatisfied customers. With numerous advantages of the airline websites, comes many problems as it is a computer based system. A computer system can crash any moment which can cause the airline huge losses. A report by Akamai and Jupiter Research has shown that 28% of online shoppers will not wait longer than four seconds for a web page to load before leaving3. Looking at broadband Internet users alone, the number is even higher. A full one third of those abandon a web page if it takes longer than four seconds to load. Needless to say, if a site is down, 100% of the site visitors are turned away. It’s the equivalent of lock ¬ing the door to the store(press. and1. co. uk). Airlines also try to earn more revenue by unfair means. Ryanair has several different hidden costs which increases the cost of a return flight by treble even though it is a low cost airline. ?20 per person per round trip to check in at desk with hand luggage. ?30 / ? 40 per bag per round trip to check in a suitcase with online check in. ?60 per bag per round trip to check in ski or sports equipment. ?10 per person per round trip to pay with cards except an Electron Card. Many sites had multiple problems. The overall trends of problems within the sector are like misleading pricing has emerged as the biggest problem, found in 58% of the sites, irregularities related to contract terms were found in 49% of those sites (missing or wrong language version, and pre-checked boxes for optional services). Problems in which the advertised offers were missing appeared to be in 15% of the sites (europa. eu) This essay has looked into the matter of the role played by internet and the airline websites which help consumers to decide what they want as their option for a single service or a group of services. Internet also provides a consumer a wide range of options as they can go through everything they want to and they want to know about. Consumers can give their personal details to the websites if they are sure that they will get the maximum from the airlines. Internet has been very successful in changing the demands of the consumers, by letting them research about what they want and the airline companies giving them an option to be dynamic. But, there are some problems too with the websites like hidden costs in them or the crashing of the websites. Till now internet has mostly helped and will be always helping the aviation industry. References: europa. eu, 6/11/2009 eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry,buhalis,2004 E. Jorgensen, Southwest Airlines: Success Story, in www. novell. com, 8/11/2009 hotel-online. com, 8/11/2009 press. 1and1. co. uk, 7/11/2009 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, Dimitrios Buhalis Bournemouth University, Rob Law Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2008 How to cite Aviation Information Technology, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility of Toyota †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility of Toyota. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on evaluating the CSR activities of Toyota and aims to understand its link with sustainability practices. It also aims to understand the manner in which the CSR activities conducted by Toyota contribute in mutually serving the interests of the firm and the different stakeholders. The report would also aim to reflect in how sustainability is given potential importance or is highlighted as an effective goal in the CSR activities of Toyota. About Toyota Toyota or Toyota Motor Corporation operates as a multinational automobile organisation based in Toyota at Aichi in Japan. Along with automobile, Toyota conducts its business along other segments like finance, biotechnology and also in the production of renewable energy resources among other functions. Toyota conducts its automobile business in terms of developing its network with around 190 global nations. The main markets for Toyotas automobile business are based along the Asian, European, and Japanese and also along the North American economy. Different types of passenger vehicles, minivans and also other types of commercial vehicles like trucks with also automobile parts and accessories are designed and manufactured by the company. In terms of financial services, Toyota aims at providing financial support to both dealers and customers interested in purchasing the vehicles produced by the firm. Toyota in recent times has also ventured into other segments like housing and also into the telecommunication sector. It has also launched a web portal to help users in gaining needed automobile related information from Gazoo.com(Reuters , 2017). CSR Practices of Toyota Toyota since its very foundation has been continually striving for meeting the sustainable needs of its stakeholders and the society at large. It focuses on the development of both innovative and quality vehicles that meets the objectives of both environmental sustainability and customer satisfaction. Toyota lends an open ear in understanding the needs, expectations and aspirations of its customers and also of members of other local communities such that the products manufactured effectively meet the needs of the individual customers, greater society and also the natural environment. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy of the organisation is observed to act as an interpretation of the Guiding Principles of the firm aimed at sustaining effective relationship with its stakeholders(McIntosh Tanimoto, 2014). Toyota desires to operate as an organisation that is to be liked, admired and thereby trusted by the social members. It also aims to ensure that the internal members of the organisation acknowledge and act based on the CSR guidelines and policy. The CSR Policy of the firm is shared by Toyotasmanagement to its different subsidiaries such that the latter puts the policies into service and acts on such behalf. Toyota also expects the business partners of the firm to effectively embrace the spirit of the CSR Policy such that they tend to act on such basis. Toyota also participated in the formulation and development of the different standards outlined in the Charter of Corporate Behaviour of the Japanese Business Foundation. The foundation serves as an effective alliance of the different large Japanese Corporations(Toyota, 2016). The Preamble of the CSR Policy of Toyota focuses on enhancing the contribution for promoting sustainable development. Toyota Motor Corporation with all its different subsidiaries and business partners undertake a pledge for generating needed harmony and also in promoting sustainable development of both the social members and also of Mother earth in terms of the different activities conducted along diverse regions and countries based on the guiding principles of the firm. The CSR Policy of Toyota also mandates that the automobile company rightly fulfils the legislative and statutory requirements of diverse regional, local and international laws. It also aims in conducting the business operations with needed integrity and honesty(Basu, 2017). Further, Toyota also focuses on both building and sustaining effective relationship with its diverse stakeholder groups through the development of a fair and transparent communication system. The automobile company likely expects its other busines s partners to support the fairness and transparency of communications practiced at Toyota and also acts on such note(Toyota Global , 2012). The Seven Guiding Principles practiced at Toyota and also based on which the CSR Policy of the organisation is produced is reflected as under. An effective overview of the CSR activities conducted by Toyota is illustrated as follows. The CSR Committee was established by Toyota during October 2007 for helping in the effective coordination and promotion of CSR activities round the globe. Based on acting over the CSR Committee, Toyota had rendered different types of functions like ensuring of legal compliances, conducting of special contribution and also helped in promoting events and initiatives concerning environmental issues(Watkins, 2013). From 2015, increased focus is continually being undertaken by Toyotasmanagement in integrating the CSR approaches with themanagement functions of the firm and also for increasing of corporate value of the firm. Of late, the functions undertaken by the CSR Committee of the firm are transferred along two specific heads like the Corporate Planning and the Corporate Governance Meeting. The Corporate Planning Meeting is convened and conducted for discussing issues associated to growth and also for formulation of different business strategies while simultaneously focusing on the nee ds of the society(Toyota Global, 2016). The Governance Structure supervising the CSR activities conducted by Toyota is reflected as follows. CSR Practices for meeting Stakeholder Objectives Toyota focuses on effectively exceeding the expectations and needs of its customers and other stakeholder groups. It focuses on engaging the talent and also the passion of its diverse workforce for serving the needs of the society as outlined in the Global Vision of the organisation. The management of the automobile organisation focuses on listening to the needs and expectations of its diverse stakeholder groups and thereby responding in a proactive fashion. The following illustration effectively reflects the fashion in which Toyota meets different challenges pertaining to the different stakeholder groups. The management of the automobile company with the expansion of the company on a global scale was required to render needed care for improving the quality of life of the different social communities along regions where Toyota had set up its business. However, in cases where the interests between the Japanese and other global communities faced some conflicts the interest of the Japanese members were given greater priority(Toyota , 2016). Sustainability Practices at Toyota The sustainability activities of Toyota are diverse in nature. Toyota while operating along its main business line focuses on the development of environment friendly automobiles like hybrid cars and vehicles. Further, the company also contributes in the generation of different mechanisms for generating both active and passive safety to the customers. Similarly, Toyota also operates along other business or activity segments like biotechnology, renewable energy and also in areas like afforestation. Again, different initiatives are undertaken in the domain of environmental needs for contributing directly to the society. Toyota also promotes education to commuters regarding traffic and environmental safety such that the same contributes in the development of a healthier and environmentally aware happier society. During 2012, the sale of hybrid cars manufactured by Toyota is observed to reach the one millionth marks. Further, hybrid models were also developed for rear wheel vehicles that effectively meet the needs of both environmental performances while also contributes in generating greater output. Sustainable growth is focused on being rendered by Toyota in terms of developing effective vehicles, enriching the lives of different communities and social members finally through meeting of the Toyota Values(Toyota, 2016). The sustainable growth mechanism for Toyota is illustrated as follows. Further, in terms of sustainability Toyota focuses on addressing six key challenges that are outlined as under. -Toyota aims at reducing the level of Carbon Dioxide emissions by around 90 percent towards the end of 2050. -It aims at reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions along its production, logistics, disposal of waste and finally along its recycled segment -Toyota focuses on reducing the level of carbon dioxide emissions through the introduction and incorporation of effective technologies and also through the avid exploration and adapting of renewable energy sources. -The automobile company focuses on reducing the wastage of water resources while also contributes in purifying the used water before returning the same to earth. -Toyota also focuses on generating recycled products and aims in the development of a recycling-based social communities. -Finally, Toyota aims at developing an effective harmony between people resources, the automobile firm and the environment at large(Toyota, 2017). Conclusions The report reflects that sustainability is considered as a primary objective in the CSR activities of Toyota. It also reflects the manner in which the CSR activities conducted by Toyota rightly contribute in meeting the needs of diverse stakeholders while also highlighting the issue of conflicts regarding stakeholder interests. Information is gained through consulting different sustainability and CSR reports of Toyota such that different diagrams are incorporated for elucidation purposes References Basu, S. (2017). Corporate Purpose: Why It Matters More Than Strategy. New York : Taylor and Francis. McIntosh, M., Tanimoto, K. (2014). Japanese Approaches to CSR: A Special Theme Issue of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship (Issue 56). United Kingdom : Greenleaf Publishing . Reuters . (2017). Toyota Motor Corp (TM). Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/TM Toyota . (2016). Stakeholder Engagement . Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/society/stakeholder/ Toyota. (2016). CSR Basic Philosophy. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/csr/csr/ Toyota. (2017). Environment . Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/environment/ Toyota Global . (2012). Toyota's CSR Initiatives . Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/report/archive/sr13/pdf/sr13_p06_p07.pdf Toyota Global. (2016). Corporate Principles . Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/csr/csr/sdb16_01_en.pdf Toyota. (2016). Sustainability Data Book 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/csr/csr/sdb16_01_en.pdf Watkins, D. B. (2013). Where's My Dog? the Search for Honest Leadership. United States : David B. Watkins

Symbolism Great Gatsby free essay sample

The Great Gatsby, is about Jay Gatsby and his quest for his own American dream, the love of his life, Daisy. The story is narrated by Nick Carraway, a young man who moves in next door to Gatsby and becomes friends with him. The Great Gatsby has three main themes. These are materialism and wealth, the american dream and appearance and reality. Fitzgerald has used symbolism and theme along with other techniques to enhance these themes along with the readers enjoyment of the novel. One symbol used by Fitzgerald is the green light. Green is the colour of hope, but also the colour of envy, and it first appears when Gatsby stares out across the bay towards a green light at the end of the dock. â€Å"a single green light, minute and far away†. Later the reader finds out that this light stands on Daisy Buchanan’s dock. In the context of the novel this green light represents Gatsby’s hope to meet Daisy again and a chance to win her back. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light†. I think the green light is an effective symbol and it cleverly represents Gatsby’s longing for Daisy. Another clever symbol used in the Great Gatsby is that of the Valley of Ashes. It is first introduced in chapter two, the valley of ashes represents the moral and social decay that results from the uncontrolled search for wealth, as the rich indulge themselves with thought for nothing but their own pleasure. The valley of ashes also symbolizes the troubles of the poor, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their vitality as a result. I think the Valley of Ashes is another effective use of symbolism and it helps to emphasise the theme of materialism and wealth as it represents the social decay between the rich and the poor. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fading, eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the Valley of Ashes. â€Å"The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic -their retinas one yard high†. They may represent God staring down upon and judging American society’s morals, though the novel never makes this point explicitly. They could also be a symbol of the conscience of American society itself. I think that the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg emphasise one of the main themes in the novel which is the decline of the American dream although they could also be said to represent the theme of materialism and wealth. F. Scott Fitzgerald has also used names as a major symbol in The Great Gatsby. The name Daisy is and example of this. A daisy is a tiny flower; it is small and extremely delicate. The colours of a daisy also suggest innocence; the daisy is white and gold, very angelic. Myrtle’s name is also symbolic. A myrtle is a sturdy herb although it is still beautiful it is not delicate like a daisy. These two names reflect the women they have been given too and Fitzgerald’s use of symbolism is very effective in this case. Overall F. Scott Fitzgerald has used symbolism in his novel very effectively. The use of symbolism has helped my appreciation of the novel as it adds layers. The use of symbolism is also allowing Fitzgerald to comment on society through his novels. Symbolism has also helped to emphasise the main themes of the novel.

The Eponymy Family

The Eponymy Family The Eponymy Family The Eponymy Family By Maeve Maddox The suffix -nym means name. The word eponym comes from Greek eponymos, â€Å"given as a name; bestowing a name on something.† eponym: noun. The person for whom a country or location is named. For example, Romulus is the legendary eponym of Rome. Simà ³n Bolivar is the known eponym of Bolivia. eponym: noun. A proper name used generically; more loosely, the generic name itself, or any noun phrase of specific meaning which includes a proper name. For example, Marxism: a theory and practice of socialism developed by or associated with Karl Marx; ohm: a unit of electrical resistance. eponymism: noun. the practice of accounting for names of places or peoples by referring them to supposed prehistoric eponyms. In the Middle Ages, writers claimed Brutus of Troy as the eponym of Britain and the British people. eponomy: noun. another word for eponymism. eponymize: v. (trans.) to serve as eponym to. For example, the name Benedict Arnold has become an eponym for traitor. eponymous: adjective. referring to an eponym. For example, Jane Eyre is the eponymous heroine of the novel by Charlotte Bronte. Another word used for eponymous is eponymic. Many eponyms derive from Greek or Roman religious belief and practice. For example, the first six months of the year: January: Named for Janus, the Roman god of gates and doorways, depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions February: Named for Februa, Roman festival of purification held in that month. March: Named for Mars, Roman god of war. April: The name came from an Etruscan word associated with Aphrodite, Greek goddess of love and beauty. May: Named for Maia, the great one,† Italic goddess of spring and daughter of Faunus. June: Named for Juno, principal Roman goddess and patroness of women and marriage. Her month is still popular with brides. Many plant names derive from the names of the people who introduced them to their own cultures. The poinsettia is named for Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779-1851), U.S. ambassador to Mexico. German botanist Johann G. Zinn gave his name to the zinnia. Both the begonia and the bougainvillea received their names from Frenchmen: Michel Bà ©gon (1638–1710), and Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811). A plant derivative, nicotine, takes its name from another Frenchman: Jean Nicot de Villemain (1530-1600). A great many discoveries and practical inventions have been named for people who had little to do with them. There’s even a law for that: Stigler’s Law of Eponymy. University of Chicago statistics professor Stephen Stigler postulated the law in an article published in 1980. The law states, â€Å"No scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer.† Here are some examples of the truth of Stigler’s law: America: named for Americo Vespucci, but discovered by others. Arabic numerals: invented in India. Fibonacci numbers: existed in Indian mathematics a thousand years earlier than Fibonacci. Gresham’s law: described by Nicolaus Copernicus the year Gresham was born. Halley’s comet: observed by astronomers in ancient times. Higgs boson: named for Peter Higgs, but first theorized by Robert Brout and Francois Englert. Stigler’s Law of Eponymy: derives from sociologist Robert K. Merton’s postulation of the Matthew effect (another eponym). Merton studied the reward system in science and concluded that famous scientists receive disproportionate credit for their contributions. Conversely, lesser known scientists receive less credit than they deserve. Merton called this the Matthew effect. He took the name from the gospel of Matthew: For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken even that which he hath.25:29, KJV. In modern, noneponymous terms, â€Å"the squeaking wheel gets the oil.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know40 Fish IdiomsAdverbs and Hyphens

Facts About Phylum Chordata - The Vertebrates

Facts About Phylum Chordata - The Vertebrates The Phylum Chordata contains some of the most familiar animals in the world, including humans. What sets them apart is that they all have a ​notocord,  or nerve cord, at some stage of development. You might be surprised by some other animals in this phylum, as they are very different from humans, birds, fish and the fuzzy animals that we usually think of when we think of the Phylum Chordata. Chordates Have Backbones or Notocords Animals in the Phylum Chordata may not all have a spine (some do, which would classify them as a vertebrate animal), but they all have a notochord. The notochord is like a primitive backbone, and is present at least at some stage of their development. These may be seen in early development, and in some they develop into other structures before birth: All have a tubular nerve cord (such as the spinal cord) above the notocord, which is gelatin-like and encased in a tough membrane.All have gill slits that lead into the throat or pharynx.All have blood enclosed in blood vessels, although they may not have blood cells.All have a tail that has no internal organs and extends beyond the backbone and anus. Three Types of Chordates While animals like humans, mammals and birds are all vertebrates in the Phylum Chordata, not all animals in the Phylum Chordata are vertebrates. The Phylum Chordata contains three Subphyla. The Vertebrates: Subphylum Vertebrata. When you think of animals, you probably are thinking about the vertebrates. These include all of the mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and most fish. In vertebrates, a backbone develops around the notocord, made of bone or cartilage separated into segments called vertebrae. It protects the spinal cord. There are over 57,000 species of vertebrates.The Tunicates: Subphylum Tunicata. These include the salps, larvaceans, and  tunicates  such as the sea squirt. They are invertebrates as they dont have a backbone, but they do have a notochord during development. They are marine filter-feeders, with some tunicates living attached to rocks for most of their life except for a free-swimming larval stage. The salps and larvaceans are tiny, plankton-like free-swimming animals, although the salps  spend a generation as an aggregate chain. They have a very primitive nervous system. Many think that the ancestors of the tunicates also evolved into the vertebrates. There are about 3,000 species of tunicates. The Cephalochordates: Subphylum Cephalochordata. There are only about 30 species in this grouping. They include the lancelets, which are small aquatic filter-feeders that are fishlike. They have a large notochord and a primitive brain. Their circulatory system doesnt have a heart or blood cells. Classification of the Chordates Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Classes (the classes in bold below include marine species): Subphylum Tunicata (formerly Urochordata) Appendicularia  (pelagic tunicates)Ascidiacea  (sessile tunicates)Thaliacea  (salps). Subphylum Cephalochordata Cephalochordata  (lancelets) Subphylum Vertebrata Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)Amphibia (amphibians)Aves (birds)Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)Holocephali (chimeras)Mammalia (mammals)Myxini (Hagfishes)Reptilia (reptiles)Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)

Critical Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Response - Essay Example Population growth and reduction in resources has been a widely discussed dilemma since nineteenth century. However, initially the idea of lack of resources was put forward in 1789, by Reverend Thomas Malthus; his worst fear was global starvation. He pointed out, when growth of a population is not controlled with rapidly depleting non-renewable resources and degrading the capacity of the environment to support its inhabitants; such area is overpopulated and soon becomes the victim of famine, disease or war and requires reducing its human overload. Malthus advocated delay in the time of marriage to check overpopulation, which was purely hypothetical and its implementation was difficult. Malthus predicted overpopulation and tried to stabilize the long term economy of the state, but his theory of late marriages became rather controversial and was considered impractical (Overbeek, 1977, p 4). His theory was condemned by many critics, as it failed to identify the source of the problem and didn’t provide any potential solution, to increase food resources through science and technology. His theory put a stop on the enthusiasm of some of the scholars, who considered growth of population as a sign of development. None of the attention was shed on the subject as his theories were considered misanthropic in that time. Colin D. Butler further explains the scenario by giving examples from the start of 1934, when biotechnological research reached their pinnacle and increased life expectancy, thus decreasing global food supply to nourish the increasing human population. This situation also alerted politicians, demographers as well as the common public and US presidents of different time periods increased their support to different family planning campaigns in different zones of high population. Almost every Theorist and Scientist accept the kind of stress the world is facing and most of it is due to lack of resources. Arguments arise when reasons of these deficiencies a re being discussed. Anup Shah in Global Issues suggest that the reason to most of the problems might be related to the way we produce, consume and waste our resources, which also reflects our lifestyles and its related issues. (Shah, 1998, p 3) In 1970, new crop strains were introduced by â€Å"Green Revolution† which in the period which was predicted to be shadowed by famine, war or disease. Fortunately, this period turned out to be a period of optimism for health sector. The introduction of contraceptives reduced the fertility rate, but did little to control the annual global population growth which concerned many global demographers and scientists. Norman Borlaug, father of Green revolution warned that the organization can feed three decades, only with correct fertility control measures. After which, China announced its one-child policy in 1979. Infliction of forced abortions and restriction on birth caused more psychological problems than ever. This has imbalanced the nat ural process of reproduction and is an artificial method to control the population, which shows not an extensive change in economic condition. Thus, it has become a reason of reduced production in human capital. (Chow, 2007, p 203) Butler further described extensive revolutions that occurred in the economic environment of many countries during 1970s that led to the concern of overpopulation fade away. US decreased its foreign aid, but continued its policies such as Keynesianism, which

To what extent can Hesketts Service Profit Chain be supported by Essay

To what extent can Hesketts Service Profit Chain be supported by empirical evidence and other arguments - Essay Example The linkage in the chain which is in fact the prepositions are between profit and growth. These two are particularly inspired by customer loyalty. Very clearly, loyalty is the direct attribute of customer satisfaction. The reason behind a customer being extremely satisfied about the product or a service is the value of the services that were provided to the customers. Hence, it can be otherwise stated that Value is created by satisfied, loyal and productive employees. The Service-Profit Chain (SPC) is a conceptual framework, which describes a process for delivering superior service value (Heskett, Sasser, & Schlesinger, 1997). According to the framework, positive business outcomes result when service delivery activities lead to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, managerial implementation of the SPC has remained problematic, primarily because of certain limitations in the modelling methods commonly employed. Providing managers with the ability to model this process in a way that is of practical value to decision makers would be a considerable contribution (Anderson, 2004). Based on the Service Profit Chain model, profitability and growth are determined primarily by maximizing the lifetime value of your customers, and that value is fully realized only when you earn the customer's loyalty. In one study, a 5% increase in customer loyalty produced profit increases from 25% to 85%. A loyal customer is one who obeys the three R's: Retention, Repeat Sales, and Referrals. Major corporations (many of which are household names) subscribe to the Service Profit Chain model and have achieved a level of success that is enviable. The diagram below outlines the links in the Service-Profit Chain. From the diagram given below, it can be clearly noticed that one of the most important links in this chain is the interface between the external service value and customer satisfaction. The external service value represents the service concept: the results for the customers. This is the interface of your installers, sales reps and managers, and your client (SENCORE). Now, the above diagram clearly suggests that customer loyalty is driven by customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction is driven by value, and value is driven by employee productivity, and so on. As already noticed the beginning of the chain is Internal Service Quality. It becomes clear that employee satisfaction and loyalty are directly proportional to the service they provide to your customers. The success of any business thus depends on how the organization cultivates its employees into a productive, passionate, quality-oriented team (SENCORE). Also,

Hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Essay Example for Free

Hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Essay Resistance is measured in ohms. A light bulb has resistance. The filament resists the flow of electricity, and glows white hot in doing so. The resistance causes the bulb to only allow a portion of the current available in the wall socket, to flow out. A 100-watt light bulb uses more electricity from the wall than a 60-watt light bulb because the filament in a 100-watt bulb has less resistance to it. This lower resistance allows more current to flow through the bulb, consuming more power, producing more work and making more light. This work, by the way, is called Wattage. If you multiply the voltage times the current answer is in watts. Prediction for length I predict that when the length of the conductor, in this case constantan, is increased, the electrical resistance will subsequently increase. This means that the resistance is directly proportional to the length. For example, when the length is doubled, the resistance is doubled, and when the length is tripled, the resistance is tripled. Therefore, by taking 3 lengths of 10cm wire and putting them in series, one by one, the resistance of the circuit should, at first, double, and then triple. Total Resistance = Resistance1 + Resistance2 + Resistance3 Total Resistance = 3 x Resistance This shows that the resistance is directly proportional to the length. This may happen because; a conductor is made up of a lattice of atoms surrounded by a sea of free electrons (found in the outer shell of the constantan atoms. ) The free electrons jump from atom to atom and form the net flow of electrons around a circuit. Before a power supply is switched on, the free electrons are simply bouncing around inside the conductor. However, once the power supply is switched on, the free electrons are pulled through the circuit towards the positive terminal, and pushed away from the negative terminal, therefore creating the net flow of electrons. This ensures that there is always the same amount of electrons in the conductor, in this case constantan, at any given time. However, constantan is made up of atoms, which are very tightly packed together, only moving in tiny vibrations. To flow around the circuit, the electrons must use a lot of energy to get through these atoms. They crash and collide into the atoms causing them to vibrate a lot more rapidly and vigorously. This vibrating causes a change in energy from kinetic energy to heat energy, or friction. As the atoms movement increases and the metal becomes hotter, the electrons find it harder to flow. The friction is the cause of the resistance in the circuit. Therefore, using this theory, by increasing the length of the constantan, the resistance should increase, as more collisions of the electrons and the atoms will take place. Equation Electric energy Kinetic energy Heat energy Prediction for Thickness Electricity in a wire is due to the flow of free electrons. The more of these that flow every second, then the greater the current. A resistance controls the current. The bigger the resistance then the smaller the current. In a previous experiment that I did, I found out that when two 10 ohme resistors are put parallel then the resistance is halved, this is because the resistance is inversely proportional to the thickness. I am basing my prediction on an analogy that I have been told. If you were at a football game and you were queuing up to get in at the turnstiles and there was only one turnstile open. It would take a long time to get through, but if you were to open another turnstile then it would take half the time to get in because some of the people have moved to the other turnstile. Picture of turnstiles So I am going to predict that when the thickness is increased then the resistance is halved. Fair Test To make this experiment a fair test, I did the following;   Made sure the circuit was in proper working order by putting a resistor in the circuit that I new the resistance of. I made sure the wire was cut exactly to the length required. I used the same wire, Constantan.   I changed the power, so I could take two readings in order to take an average. Results Length(cm) V1(volts) A1(amps) V1/A1(ohms) V2(volts) A2(amps) V2/A2(ohms) Average V/A(Ohms Length(cm) 170 150 130 110 90 70 50 30 Average V/A 37. 25 31. 405 27. 73 24. 98 19. 98 15. 53 11. 7 7. 29 Thickness(mm) V1(volts) A1(amps) V1/A1(ohms) V2(volts) A2(amps) V2/A2(ohms) Average V/A(Ohms 0Thickness(mm). 1/Thickness 5Conclusion for Length In the experiment for length, How does the Length of a wire affect the resistance, I found that my results show that the longer the wire is in length then the higher the resistance. Length graph Conclusion from Graph In my prediction, I stated that:   When the length of the conductor was increased, the electrical resistance will increase. The resistance was directly proportional to the length e. g. When the length is doubled, the resistance is doubled, and when the length is tripled, the resistance is tripled. These points are proven by this graph because it is a straight line which means that the resistance is directly proportional to length. Conclusion for Thickness In the experiment How does the thickness of a wire affect the resistance of a wire, I found that my results showed me that the resistance is affected by the thickness of a wire, when the wire has a bigger diameter then the resistance is much lower. Thickness graph Conclusion from Graph There was an unexpected result on this graph. I expected it to be a straight line so that the resistance was directly proportional to one divided by thickness. But as you can see it has come out as a curved line. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Innocent Until Proven Guilty :: essays papers

Innocent Until Proven Guilty Tabula rasa: the mind before it is developed and changed by experience. Philosopher John Locke believed that at birth and in infancy the mind is completely passive, a clean slate, tabula rasa, on which the experiences of the individual write their own impressions. (Wiener, 2134) (Any influences from drugs, alcohol, by a mother in pregnancy, etc... excluded.) It is a given that an infant’s mind is not yet fully developed early in its life. Especially at this early stage and even far on into a child’s life he is dependent on someone - whether it be his mother, father, sister, brother, or other â€Å"adult† figure, who takes care of him; ensuring his survival. True to Locke’s theory, a child’s mind has yet to be influenced by anything, hence tabula rasa. And it is also true, the experiences that a child has while growing up will profoundly dictate his character and personality. Education plays a role in an individual’s formation through the experiences in which that institution exists. Different types of people also help determine the personal nature of an individual. The experiences that one has due to the effects of his educational process, his social relationships with different types of people, and his association with various environments set the scene for his life, thus forming his individuality. Experiences are not just events that may occur, but anything that stirs emotion or evokes a feeling or reaction in a person. Experiences can range from actual events or physically engaging actions, to inanimate objects or concrete details, and even to other people. As long as a phenomenon causes a person to question, evaluate, or draw some sort of conclusion about it, and he therefore consciously or subconsciously commits it to memory, it is absolutely an â€Å"experience.† In other words, an â€Å"experience† is by definition, anything that happens to a person; anything that is seen, done, felt, or lived through. Life itself, is an experience full of experiences. All of these happenings, good and bad, are the sum of a person’s experiences called the â€Å"frame of reference.† This is the very composition that makes a person who he is. But when does one cease to rely on outside factors to prompt these experiences? When does one begin to rely on himself t o create them? Until a person reaches this point he declines to take credit for his actions and lacks responsibility.

Implement and Monitor marketing activities Essay

BBQfun is company specialised in outdoor lifestyle supplies. The company is mainly implemented in Brisbane and its surroundings and aim at growing throughout the country. In order to achieve this goal, BBQfun has established a few marketing strategie. The goal of this report is to analyse these strategies and ultimately their efficiency. BBQfun marketing strategies analysisAt BBQfun, stakeholders are responsible for the management of the company’s operations. Indeed, according to the CEO’s statement, â€Å"For our stakeholders it has always been about stewardship and to adhere to professional and moral standards of conduct in all that we do†. Although the organisational review does not expand on the stakeholders’ moral and professional standards, it can be assumed that the word â€Å"stewardship† means management. Management is a broad word that would need to be defined in more details. Indeed, it does not appear throughout the organisational review that the different stakeholder’s roles are clearly and precisely defined. Hence questions can be raised about who is responsible for the marketing activities at BBQfun and how implementation and monitoring are conducted. According to the organisational review, the marketing and non-marketing professionals are â€Å"self-directed teams†. Hence another question can be asked on how strategies are communicated to them and what kind of briefing they had received to implement such strategies. It also raises the question of consistency throughout the different stores, especially if BBQfun aims at being a national company. Indeed the BBQfun’s big pic ture is to be a national leader in its industry within the next ten years. However, there is no information on the short term objectives that would lead to the achievement of this goal. Their role and responsibilities are not mentioned either. This is even more concerning as according to the  organisational review, BBQfun overall SWOT analysis remains the same as the one made in 2008. This indicates a lack of performance measures or at least issues in their ability to act on their weaknesses and take advantages of their opportunities. Also, it can be noted that there are discrepancies between BBQfun vision statement and their actual focus. Indeed, in their vision statement the chair of the board insist on delivering high quality product, but in reality a cost cut strategy is put in place as price of sourcing has been prioritised. This indicates a poor communication strategy throughout the company and can easily counter act the flow of the marketing strategies that have been chosen by the stakeholders. Additionally, a review of their PEST analysis should be performed as the organisational review shows a change in economic and social behaviours. Indeed it is mentioned that interest rates are rising, that the employment rat e is different than the one estimated and that the â€Å"trend towards house proud purchase is growing stronger than anticipated. This statement should give rise to new opportunities for BBQfun. The objective of the marketing campaign is to increase sales. Three types of products have been identified: BBQs, outdoor furniture and BBQ consumables. Three types of marketing activities have been put into places: radio advertisement, magazine/PR and direct marketing campaign and advertisement through loyalty programs. The resources required for the first strategy are straight forward yet pricy. For that type of campaign financial and human resources are needed as well as the appropriate choice of channel. If BBQfun intends to grow nationally, it might want to choose a national radio station. Human resources would include the marketing project and designers personnel. The same kind of resources is needed to implement the second type of strategy, although the channel would be different. The third strategy requires building a customer database. Hence little is needed but a website, an email address and the designer and IT personnel. Communication and team building are something lacking when only referring to the organisational overview. This should come first from the board to communicate clearly the objectives and the process of implementing these strategies. These should be clearly thought and put in place along with the marketing plan. Change of suppliers has been one way of implementing their strategies along with finding the right channels to implement their radio and PR strategies. BBQfun also managed to increase  their customer database to implement their third strategy. Monitoring the return of their investment is mostly done through sales figures. ConclusionBBQfun has a vision to expand nationwide. In order to achieve their goal they put into place a few marketing strategies. However it seems that a proper marketing plan is lacking and this issue should be addressed as soon as possible in order for them to maximise their return and have a higher impact.

International students in English speaking universities Essay

Introduction With the brisk pace of economic globalization, higher education is becoming more internationalized as well. An increasing number of students choose to receive higher education abroad in countries like the US, the UK and Australia, where there are many world-class universities that are expected to provide high-quality education for both domestic and overseas students. However, due to various reasons, and often out of their expectation, international students inevitably meet kinds of problems and difficulties that hinder them from integrating with the new environment, especially heavily impact their life and learning at university. This essay will account for the difficulties that international students may encounter in their adjustment and achievement, using the Leslie and Smith (2004) and Andrade (2006) to support the points. Emotion changes Due to the cultural differences, most international students feel shocked. They leave home and parental care, studying in an unfamiliar country. Rajapaksa and Dundes (2000) discovered that international students felt more lonely and homesick than domestic students. â€Å"Their adjustment was affected by their satisfaction with social networks as opposed to the number of close friends.† (Andrade, 2006). In this case, international students may feel difficult to achieve the targets. On the other hands, international students can be easier to get angry because of lack of language proficiency then they often do not understand what is going on. Passive VS Active Based on the past study in their own countries, international student consider that learning is passive. However, now in English speaking universities, learning become more active. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) International students have difï ¬ culty understanding spoken English and have weak writing skills whereas students criticized instructors for their use of colloquial English and rapid speech. Similarly, professors felt students did  not take responsibility for their own learning while students found professors indifferent. (Robertson et al., 2000) As a result, international students need more and more independent study by themselves. They also have to be initiative. It is Another research demonstrated that international students preferred to work alone, which supports a common view that international students dislike group work. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998) Also, they reported valuing warm, friendly relationships with their instructors in contrast with the belief that international students are accustomed to a formal student-professor relationship. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998). Although, students need more group work in English speaking universities and they should know how to work cooperatively, they still need to learn how to work by themselves when they write essays and review for the exams. Teaching tools It is worth mentioning that there are a lot more advanced facilities in English speaking universities than at home. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are a lot of computers in library so that students can use to find information to make preparation for essay or presentation. In addition to this, students all have their own text books back home and sometimes teachers give them lots of photocopied handouts.( Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are three other pertinent interventions for international students. One involves using outreach support groups to help international students who may need counseling but are reluctant to initiate contact (Smith et al., 1999); however, actual adjustment is not measured. Another outlines ideas for web-based orientation (Murphy et al., 2002) and the third suggests a multi-phase approach to orientation (Lin and Yi, 1997) (Andrade, 2006) Also, content-based ESL courses, learning communities, support courses, comprehensive programming and peer study partnerships have been successful in providing international students with academic support. (Andrade, 2006) Summary Due to various reasons, international students have to encounter many problems when they study in English speaking universities. The adjustment issues raised in this review should be considered to enhance the mutually rewarding practice of international study. Reference Andrade, 2006 p3-4, p7 Leslie and Smith’ survey, 2004, p13-14 ï » ¿International students in English speaking universities Essay Introduction With the brisk pace of economic globalization, higher education is becoming more internationalized as well. An increasing number of students choose to receive higher education abroad in countries like the US, the UK and Australia, where there are many world-class universities that are expected to provide high-quality education for both domestic and overseas students. However, due to various reasons, and often out of their expectation, international students inevitably meet kinds of problems and difficulties that hinder them from integrating with the new environment, especially heavily impact their life and learning at university. This essay will account for the difficulties that international students may encounter in their adjustment and achievement, using the Leslie and Smith (2004) and Andrade (2006) to support the points. Emotion changes Due to the cultural differences, most international students feel shocked. They leave home and parental care, studying in an unfamiliar country. Rajapaksa and Dundes (2000) discovered that international students felt more lonely and homesick than domestic students. â€Å"Their adjustment was affected by their satisfaction with social networks as opposed to the number of close friends.† (Andrade, 2006). In this case, international students may feel difficult to achieve the targets. On the other hands, international students can be easier to get angry because of lack of language proficiency then they often do not understand what is going on. Passive VS Active Based on the past study in their own countries, international student consider that learning is passive. However, now in English speaking universities, learning become more active. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) International students have difï ¬ culty understanding spoken English and have weak writing skills whereas students criticized instructors for their use of colloquial English and rapid speech. Similarly, professors felt students did not take responsibility for their own learning while students found professors indifferent. (Robertson et al., 2000) As a result, international students need more and more independent study by themselves. They also have to be initiative. It is Another research demonstrated that international students preferred to work alone, which supports a common view that international students dislike group work. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998) Also, they reported valuing warm, friendly relationships with their instructors in contrast with the belief that international students are accustomed to a formal student-professor relationship. (Sarkodie- Mensah, 1998). Although, students need more group work in English speaking universities and they should know how to work cooperatively, they still need to learn how to work by themselves when they write essays and review for the exams. Teaching tools It is worth mentioning that there are a lot more advanced facilities in English speaking universities than at home. (Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are a lot of computers in library so that students can use to find information to make preparation for essay or presentation. In addition to this, students all have their own text books back home and sometimes teachers give them lots of photocopied handouts.( Leslie and Smith, 2004) There are three other pertinent interventions for international students. One involves using outreach support groups to help international students who may need counseling but are reluctant to initiate contact (Smith et al., 1999); however, actual adjustment is not measured. Another outlines ideas for web-based orientation (Murphy et al., 2002) and the third suggests a multi-phase approach to orientation (Lin and Yi, 1997) (Andrade, 2006) Also, content-based ESL courses, learning communities, support courses, comprehensive programming and peer study partnerships have been successful in providing international students with academic support. (Andrade, 2006) Summary Due to various reasons, international students have to encounter many problems when they study in English speaking universities. The adjustment issues raised in this review should be considered to enhance the mutually rewarding practice of international study. Reference Andrade, 2006 p3-4, p7 Leslie and Smith’ survey, 2004, p13-14

About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics

About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics The Vikings were a Scandinavian people highly active in Europe between the ninth and eleventh centuries as raiders, traders, and settlers. A mixture of population pressure and the ease with which they could raid/settle is commonly cited as the reasons why they left their homeland, the regions we now call Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. They settled in Britain, Ireland (they founded Dublin), Iceland, France, Russia, Greenland and even Canada, while their raids took them to the Baltic, Spain, and the Mediterranean. The Vikings in England The first Viking raid on England is recorded as being at Lindisfarne in 793 CE. They began to settle in 865, capturing East Anglia, Northumbria, and related lands before fighting with the kings of Wessex. Their regions of control fluctuated greatly over the next century until England was ruled by Canute the Great who invaded in 1015; he is generally considered one of Englands wisest and most able kings. However, the ruling House which preceded Canute was restored in 1042 under Edward the Confessor and the Viking age in England is considered to have finished with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Vikings in America The Vikings settled the south and west of Greenland, supposedly in the years following 982 when Eric the Red – who had been outlawed from Iceland for three years – explored the region. The remains of over 400 farms have been found, but the climate of Greenland eventually became too cold for them and the settlement finished. Source material has long mentioned a settlement in Vinland, and recent archaeological discoveries of a short-lived settlement in Newfoundland, at LAnse aux Meadows, have recently born this out, although the topic is still controversial. The Vikings in the East As well as raiding in the Baltic, by the tenth century Vikings settled in Novgorod, Kiev, and other areas, merging with the local Slavic population to become the Rus, the Russians. It was through this eastern expansion that the Vikings had contact with the Byzantine Empire – fighting as mercenaries in Constantinople and forming the Emperors Varangian Guard – and even Baghdad. True and False The most famous Viking characteristics to modern readers are the longship and the horned helmet. Well, there were longships, the Drakkars which were used for war and exploration. They used another craft, the Knarr, for trading. However, there were no horned helmets, that characteristic is entirely false. Famous Vikings King Canute the GreatEric the Red, settler of Greenland.Leif Ericsson, settler of VinlandSweyn Forkbeard, King of England and Denmark.Brodir, active in Ireland.

Different Types of Third-Person Point of View

Different Types of Third-Person Point of View In a work of fiction or nonfiction, the third-person point of view  relates events using third-person pronouns such as he, she, and they. The three main types of third-person point of view are: Third-person objective:  The facts of a narrative are reported by a seemingly neutral, impersonal observer or recorder. For an example, see The Rise of Pancho Villa by John Reed.Third-person omniscient:  An all-knowing narrator not only reports the facts but may also interpret events and relate the thoughts and feelings of any character. The novels Middlemarch by George Eliot and Charlottes Web by E.B. White employ the third-person-omniscient point of view.Third-person limited:  A narrator reports the facts and interprets events from the perspective of a single character. For an example, see Katherine Mansfields short story Miss Brill. In addition, a writer may rely on a multiple or variable third-person point of view, in which the perspective shifts from that of one character to another during the course of a narrative. Examples and Observations in Fiction The third-person perspective has been effective in a wide range of fiction, from the biting political allegory of George Orwell to E.B. Whites classic and emotional childrens tale. At the age of seventeen I was poorly dressed and funny-looking, and went around thinking about myself in the third person. Allen Dow strode down the street and home.  Allen Dow smiled a thin sardonic smile. (John Updike, Flight. The Early Stories: 1953–1975. Random House, 2003)They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Joness gun had wounded his back. (George Orwell, Animal Farm, Secker and Warburg, 1945)The goose shouted to the nearest cow that Wilbur was free, and soon all the cows knew. Then one of the cows told one of the sheep, and soon all the sheep knew. The lambs learned about it from their mothers. The horses, in their stalls in the barn, pricked up their ears when they heard the goose hollering; and soon the horses had caught on to what was happening. (E.B. Whi te, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952) The Writer as Movie Camera The use of the third-person perspective in fiction has been likened to the objective eye of a movie camera, with all its pros and cons. Some teachers of writing advise against overusing it to get into the heads of multiple characters. Third-person point of view allows the author to be like a movie camera moving to any set and recording any event....It also allows the camera to slide behind the eyes of any character, but beware- do it too often or awkwardly, and you will lose your reader very quickly. When using third person, dont get in your characters heads to show the reader their thoughts, but rather let their actions and words lead the reader to figure those thoughts out.- Bob Mayer, The Novel Writers Toolkit: A Guide to Writing Novels and Getting Published (Writers Digest Books, 2003) Third Person in Nonfiction The third-person voice is ideal for factual reporting, in journalism or academic research, for example, since it presents data as objective and not as coming from a subjective and biased individual. This voice and perspective foreground the subject matter and diminish the importance of the intersubjective relationship between the author and the reader. Even business writing and advertising often use this perspective to reinforce an authoritative tone or even to avoid creepiness, as the following example from Victorias Secret displays so well: In nonfiction, the ​third-person point of view is not so much omniscient as objective. Its the preferred point of view for reports, research papers, or articles about a specific subject or cast of characters. Its best for business missives, brochures, and letters on behalf of a group or institution. See how a slight shift in point of view creates enough of a difference to raise eyebrows over the second of these two sentences: Victorias Secret would like to offer you a discount on all bras and panties. (Nice, impersonal third person.) I would like to offer you a discount on all bras and panties. (Hmmm. Whats the intent there?)...Unabashed subjectivity may be fine for ever-popular memoirs on incest and inside-the-Beltway intrigue, but the third-person point of view remains the standard in news reporting and writing that aims to inform, because it keeps the focus off the writer and on the subject.- Constance Hale, Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose (Random Hous e, 1999) Personal and Impersonal Discourse Some writers on writing suggest that the terms third person and first person are misleading and should be replaced by the more precise terms personal and impersonal discourse. Such writers argue that third person incorrectly implies that there is no personal viewpoint in a piece or that no first-person pronouns will appear in a text. In works using two of the subset examples cited above, third-person objective and third-person limited, personal perspectives abound. To work around this confusion, another taxonomy is proposed. The terms third-person narrative and first-person narrative are misnomers, as they imply the complete absence of first-person pronouns within third-person narratives....[Nomi] Tamir suggests replacing the inadequate terminology first- and third-person narration by personal and impersonal discourse, respectively. If the narrator/formal speaker of a text refers to himself/herself (i.e., if the narrator is a participant in the events he/she is narrating), then the text is considered to be personal discourse, according to Tamir. If, on the other hand, the narrator/formal speaker does not refer to himself/herself in the discourse, then the text is considered to be impersonal discourse.- Susan Ehrlich, Point of View (Routledge, 1990) Despite such concerns, and regardless of what it is named, the third-person perspective is one of the most common ways of communicating in almost all nonfiction contexts and remains a key tool for fiction writers.

Letter of reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of reference - Essay Example Roses leadership. This was no faint praise and Mr. Rose should be very proud of his contribution to this program. At our university, Mr. Rose has shown his overall interest in developing our English program. In cooperation with the US Embassy, Seoul Korea, in October 2010, he arranged a sponsorship to financially fund the Fellowship program for a number of personnel from our university to attend the KOTESOL (Korean TESOL Seminar) held in Seoul, Korea. Bringing all of this together required a great deal of imagination, fortitude, and perseverance. Mr. Rose deserves all of the credit. In regards to office policies and interpersonal relationships with our staff, Mr. Rose has blended in quite well. He has demonstrated his ability to show respect for our office policies and his willingness to work in a cooperative manner. Mr. Rose works very well in team situations and has always developed a good rapport with peers, co-workers, and students. He clearly enjoys enjoys teamwork while simultaneously possessing the motivation and knowledge to work efficiently and independently on major projects in an independent manner. He works extremely well under pressure and has always been able to put his best forward and receive top results.   Mr. Rose is an excellent organizer and deals effectively both with technical people and with those to whom he reports. He is kind and gentle. Superior under stress, Mr. Rose actually appears to become more calm and more patient as stress escalates or conflicts emerge, making him an extremely valuable lead team member who can inspire excellent performance, ensure accountability, and build bridges even under duress. In short, I would consider any company or institution very lucky to have Mr. Rose join it, as he is virtually a shoo-in for creating the atmosphere and structure necessary to bring together a successful project. His qualities and work ethic underpin success. I